PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired twice late to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.